)保罗·沃伯格
保罗·沃伯格保罗.沃伯格（PaulWarburg），德国犹太移民，1901年到美国，库恩雷波公司（KuhnLoebandCompany）的高级合伙人，英国和法国的罗斯切尔德家族的代理人，美联储的总设计师，第一任美联储董事。
保罗把最后的版本改为“董事会成员由美国总统任命”，但是董事会的真正功能由联邦咨询委员会所控制，联邦咨询委员会与董事会定期开会“讨论”工作。联邦咨询委员会成员将由12家联邦储备银行的董事决定，这一点被有意地向公众隐瞒了。
另一个保罗要应付的难题是，如何隐藏纽约的银行家将主导美联储这个事实。19世纪以来，美国中西部广大中小商人、农场主饱受银行危机的浩劫，对东部银行家深恶痛绝，这些地区的议员不可能支持纽约银行家占主导的中央银行。保罗为此设计了一套由12家美联储地区银行构成整个系统的天才解决方案。在银行圈子之外，很少有人明白，在美国货币和信贷发放高度集中于纽约地区这一基本前提下，提议建立各地区联储银行，只不过是给人造成中央银行的业务并没有集中在纽约的假象罢了。
还有一个体现保罗深谋远虑之处的就是将美联储总部设在政治首都华盛顿，而有意远离它真正接受指令的金融之都纽约，以进一步分散公众对纽约银行家的顾虑。
保罗的第四个困扰是如何产生12家美联储地区银行的管理人员，奥尔德里奇的国会经验终于派上了用场。他指出中西部的议员普遍对纽约银行家有敌意，为了避免失控现象，所有地区银行的董事应该由总统任命，而不要由国会插手。但是这造成了一个法律漏洞，《宪法》第一章第八节明确规定由国会负责发行管理货币，将国会排除在外，意味着美联储从一开始就违背了《宪法》。后来这一点果然成了很多议员攻击美联储的靶子。
在经过这一番颇具匠心的安排以后，该法案俨然以模拟美国宪法分权与制衡的面目出现。总统任命，国会审核，独立人士任董事，银行家做顾问，真是滴水不漏的设计！
PaulMoritzWarburg(August10,1868—January24,1932)wasaGerman-AmericanbankerandearlyadvocateoftheU.SFederalReservesystem.
WarburgwasborninHamburg,Germany,toasuccessfulJewishbankingfamily.HisparentswereMoritzandCharlotte(Esther)Warburg.AftergraduatingfromtheRealgymnasiuminHamburgin1886heenteredtheemployofSimonHauer,aHamburgimporterandexporter,tolearnthefundamentalsofbusinesspractice.HesimilarlyworkedforSamuelMontague&Company,bankers,inLondonin1889-90,thetheBanqueRussepourleCommerceEtrangerinParisin1890-91.[1][2]
In1891WarburgenteredtheofficeofthefamilybankingfirmofM.M.Warburg&Company,whichhadbeenfoundedin1798byhisgreat-grandfather.Heinterruptedworktheretoundertakeaworldtourduringthewinterof1891-92.Warburgwasadmittedtoapartnershipinthefamilyfirmin1895.[3]
OnOctober1,1895,WarburgwasmarriedinNewYorkCitytoNinaJ.Loeb,daughterofSolomonLoeb,founderoftheNewYorkinvestmentfirmofKuhn,Loeb&Company.TheWarbugsweretheparentsofason,JamesPaulWarburg,andadaughter,Dr.BettinaWarburg.[4]
AlthoughamajorfactorinGermanfinance,afterfrequentbusinesstripstoNewYorkWarburgsettledtherein1902asapartnerinKuhn,Loeb&CompanywheretheinfluentialJacobSchiff,hiswife'sbrother-in-law,wasseniorpartner.WarburgremainedapartnerinthefamilyfirminHamburg,buthebecameanaturalizedAmericancitizenin1911.HewasamemberofTempleEmanu-ElinNewYorkCity.[5][6]
WarburgwaselectedadirectorofWellsFargo&CompanyinFebruary1910.HeresignedinSeptember1914followinghisappointmenttotheFederalReserveBoard,andJacobSchiffwaselectedtohisseatontheWellsFargoboard.[7]
PaulWarburgbecameknownasapersuasiveadvocateofcentralbankinginAmerica,in1907publishingthepamphlets"DefectsandNeedsofOurBankingSystem"and"APlanforAModifiedCentralBank".Hiseffortsweresuccessfulin1913withthefoundingoftheFederalReserveSystem.HewasappointedamemberofthefirstFederalReserveBoardbyPresidentWoodrowWilson,servinguntil1918.
In1919hefoundedandbecamefirstchairmanoftheAmericanAcceptanceCouncil.HeorganizedandbecamethefirstchairmanoftheInternationalAcceptanceBankofNewYorkin1921.InternationalAcceptancewasacquiredbytheBankoftheManhattanCompanyin1929,withWarburgbecomingchairmanofthecombinedorganization.
HebecameadirectoroftheCouncilonForeignRelationsatitsfoundingin1921,remainingontheboarduntilhisdeath.From1921to1926WarburgwasamemberoftheadvisorycouncilofFederalReserveBoard,servingaspresidentoftheadvisorycouncilin1924-26.HewasalsoatrusteeoftheInstituteofEconomics,foundedin1922;whenitwasmergedintotheBrookingsInstitutionin1927,hebecameatrusteeofthelatter,servinguntilhisdeath.[8][9]
WarburgwasnotableonMarch8,1929,forwarningofthedisasterthreatenedbythewildstockspeculationthenrampantintheUnitedStates,foretellingthecrashwhichoccurredinOctoberofthatyear.[10][11]
HeencouragedGerman-Americanculturalcooperation,helpingfoundtheCarlSchurzMemorialFoundationin1930andservingasitstreasurerfromMay1930untilhisdeath.HealsomadesubstantialcontributionstotheWarburgLibraryinHamburg,foundedbyhisfamily;gavetoHeidelbergUiversityoneofitshalls,knownastheAmericanHouse;andhemadegenerousdonationstotheAcademyofPoliticalScienceinBerlin.[12]
PaulWarburgdiedathishomeinNewYorkCityonJanuary24,1932.AtthetimeofhisdeathhewaschairmanoftheManhattanCompanyandadirectoroftheBankofManhattanTrustCompany,FarmersLoanandTrustCompanyofNewYork,FirstNationalBankofBoston,Baltimore&OhioRailroad,UnionPacificRailroad,LosAngeles&SaltLakeRailroad,WesternUnionTelegraphCompany,AmericanI.G.ChemicalCompany,AgfaAnscoCorporation,andWarburg&CompanyofAmsterdam.
Thecartooncharacter,"Daddy"OliverWarbucksintheLittleOrphanAnnieseries,waspurportedlyinspiredbythelifeandtimesofPaulWarburg.ThePaulM.WarburgchairinEconomicsatHarvardUniversitywasnamedinhishonour,atitlewhichiscurrentlyheldbyProfessorRobertJ.Barro.
HissonJamesWarburg(1896-1969)wasafinancialadvisertoFranklinD.Rooseveltinthefirstyearsofhispresidency.
